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It then calculates for each frame the position of the ball by comparing its position on at least two of the physically separate cameras at the same instant in time. In each frame sent from each camera, the system identifies the group of pixels which corresponds to the image of the ball.
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A data store contains a predefined model of the playing area and includes data on the rules of the game. The system rapidly processes the video feeds from the cameras and ball tracker. Īll Hawk-Eye systems are based on the principles of triangulation using visual images and timing data provided by a number of high-speed video cameras located at different locations and angles around the area of play. In December 2014 the clubs of the first division of Bundesliga decided to adopt this system for the 2015–16 season. The system was rolled out for the 2013–14 Premier League season as a means of goal-line technology. Hawk-Eye is used for the Challenge System since 2006 in tennis and Umpire Decision Review System in cricket since 2009. It has been accepted by governing bodies in tennis, cricket and association football as a means of adjudication. Hawk-Eye is not infallible, but is advertised to be accurate to within 3.6 millimetres and generally trusted as an impartial second opinion in sports. The video from the six cameras is then triangulated and combined to create a three-dimensional representation of the ball's trajectory. The system works via six (sometimes seven) high-performance cameras, normally positioned on the underside of the stadium roof, which track the ball from different angles. The system was originally implemented in 2001 for television purposes in cricket. The Sony-owned Hawk-Eye system was developed in the United Kingdom by Paul Hawkins. The onscreen representation of the trajectory results is called Shot Spot. Hawk-Eye is a computer vision system used in numerous sports such as cricket, tennis, Gaelic football, badminton, hurling, rugby union, association football and volleyball, to visually track the trajectory of the ball and display a profile of its statistically most likely path as a moving image. Hawk-Eye camera system at the Kremlin Cup tennis tournament on 20 October 2012, Moscow